TL Java性能权威指南

搬运工

第 1 章　导论 .........................................................................................................................................1
1.1　߁.............................................................................................................................................ຎ2
1.2　ೝ台版本ሀ定.............................................................................................................................2
1.3　全面的性能调优.........................................................................................................................4
1.3.1　编写更好的算法 ............................................................................................................4
1.3.2　编写更少的代码 ............................................................................................................4
1.3.3　老调重弹的过早优化 ....................................................................................................5
1.3.4　其他：数据库很可能就是瓶颈 ....................................................................................6
1.3.5　常见的优化 ....................................................................................................................7
1.4　ၭ঳.............................................................................................................................................8
第 2 章　性能测试方法 .......................................................................................................................9
2.1　原ሶ 1：֪๬ኈ实应用..............................................................................................................9
2.1.1　微基准测试 ....................................................................................................................9
2.1.2　宏基准测试 ..................................................................................................................13
2.1.3　介基准测试 ..................................................................................................................15
2.1.4　代码示例 ......................................................................................................................16
2.2　原ሶ 2：૙解಼ت๝ୁ૙时क़、吞吐量和响应时क़............................................................19
2.2.1　批处理流逝时间 ..........................................................................................................19
2.2.2　吞吐量测试 ..................................................................................................................20
2.2.3　响应时间测试 ..............................................................................................................20
2.3　原ሶ 3：用统ऺݛ݆应对性能的Վ化....................................................................................23
2.4　原ሶ 4：৑ራೕݏ............................................................................................................๬֪26
vi ｜ 目录
2.5　ၭ঳ ...........................................................................................................................................28
第 3 章　Java 性能调优工具箱 ......................................................................................................29
3.1　֡作ဣ统的工具和分析...........................................................................................................29
3.1.1 CPU 使用率..................................................................................................................29
3.1.2 CPU 运行队列..............................................................................................................32
3.1.3　磁盘使用率 ..................................................................................................................33
3.1.4　网络使用率 ..................................................................................................................34
3.2 Java ॔੦工具...........................................................................................................................35
3.2.1　基本的 VM 信息..........................................................................................................36
3.2.2　线程信息 ......................................................................................................................39
3.2.3　类信息 ..........................................................................................................................39
3.2.4　实时 GC 分析...............................................................................................................39
3.2.5　事后堆转储 ..................................................................................................................39
3.3　性能分析工具...........................................................................................................................39
3.3.1　采样分析器 ..................................................................................................................40
3.3.2　探查分析器 ..................................................................................................................41
3.3.3　阻塞方法和线程时间线 ..............................................................................................42
3.3.4　本地分析器 ..................................................................................................................44
3.4 Java 任ခ੦制...........................................................................................................................45
3.4.1 Java 飞行记录器 ..........................................................................................................46
3.4.2　开启 JFR.......................................................................................................................52
3.4.3　选择 JFR 事件..............................................................................................................54
3.5　ၭ঳...........................................................................................................................................56
第 4 章　JIT 编译器 ...........................................................................................................................58
4.1 JIT 编译器：߁બ.....................................................................................................................58
4.2　调优入ோ：჋ስ编译器ૌ႙DŽClient、Server ईܾኁ同用Dž................................................61
4.2.1　优化启动 ......................................................................................................................62
4.2.2　优化批处理 ..................................................................................................................63
4.2.3　优化长时间运行的应用 ..............................................................................................64
4.3 Java 和 JIT 编译器版本 ...........................................................................................................64
4.4　编译器中प调优.......................................................................................................................67
4.4.1　调优代码缓存 ..............................................................................................................67
4.4.2　编译阈值 ......................................................................................................................68
4.4.3　检测编译过程 ..............................................................................................................70
4.5　ߛप编译器调优.......................................................................................................................73
4.5.1　编译线程 ......................................................................................................................73
4.5.2　内联 ..............................................................................................................................74
目录 ｜ vii
4.5.3　逃逸分析 ......................................................................................................................75
4.6　ొ优化.......................................................................................................................................76
4.6.1　代码被丢弃 ..................................................................................................................77
4.6.2　逆优化僵尸代码 ..........................................................................................................78
4.7　分֫编译प՚...........................................................................................................................79
4.8　ၭ঳...........................................................................................................................................80
第 5 章　垃圾收集入门 .....................................................................................................................81
5.1　垃圾收集߁...........................................................................................................................ຎ81
5.1.1　分代垃圾收集器 ..........................................................................................................83
5.1.2 GC 算法........................................................................................................................84
5.1.3　选择 GC 算法...............................................................................................................87
5.2 GC 调优एإ............................................................................................................................ 92
5.2.1　调整堆的大小 ..............................................................................................................92
5.2.2　代空间的调整 ..............................................................................................................95
5.2.3　永久代和元空间的调整 ..............................................................................................96
5.2.4　控制并发 ......................................................................................................................97
5.2.5　自适应调整 ..................................................................................................................98
5.3　垃圾࣮收工具...........................................................................................................................99
5.4　ၭ঳.........................................................................................................................................102
第 6 章　垃圾收集算法 ...................................................................................................................103
6.1　૙解 Throughput 收集器........................................................................................................103
6.2　૙解 CMS 收集器 ..................................................................................................................109
6.2.1　针对并发模式失效的调优 ........................................................................................113
6.2.2 CMS 收集器的永久代调优.......................................................................................116
6.2.3　增量式 CMS 垃圾收集..............................................................................................117
6.3　૙解 G1 垃圾收集器..............................................................................................................118
6.4　ߛप调优.................................................................................................................................126
6.4.1　晋升及 Survivor 空间 ................................................................................................126
6.4.2　分配大对象 ................................................................................................................129
6.4.3 AggressiveHeap 标志 ................................................................................................136
6.4.4　全盘掌控堆空间的大小 ............................................................................................137
6.5　ၭ঳.........................................................................................................................................138
第 7 章　堆内存最佳实践 ..............................................................................................................140
7.1　堆分析.....................................................................................................................................140
7.1.1　堆直方图 ....................................................................................................................141
7.1.2　堆转储 ........................................................................................................................142
7.1.3　内存溢出错误 ............................................................................................................146
viii ｜ 目录
7.2　३ณ内存使用 .........................................................................................................................149
7.2.1　减少对象大小 ............................................................................................................149
7.2.2　延迟初始化 ................................................................................................................152
7.2.3　不可变对象和标准化对象 ........................................................................................156
7.2.4　字符串的保留 ............................................................................................................157
7.3　对ၡ生ంዜ೺࠶.................................................................................................................૙160
7.3.1　对象重用 ....................................................................................................................160
7.3.2　弱引用、软引用与其他引用 ....................................................................................165
7.4　ၭ঳.........................................................................................................................................175
第 8 章　原生内存最佳实践 ..........................................................................................................176
8.1　内存቞用.................................................................................................................................176
8.1.1　测量内存占用 ............................................................................................................177
8.1.2　内存占用最小化 ........................................................................................................178
8.1.3　原生 NIO 缓冲区 .......................................................................................................178
8.1.4　原生内存跟踪 ............................................................................................................179
8.2　ኍ对不同֡作ဣ统优化 JVM................................................................................................182
8.2.1　大页 ............................................................................................................................182
8.2.2　压缩的 oop .................................................................................................................185
8.3　ၭ঳.........................................................................................................................................187
第 9 章　线程与同步的性能 ..........................................................................................................188
9.1　线程׾与 ThreadPoolExecutor .............................................................................................188
9.1.1　设置最大线程数 ........................................................................................................189
9.1.2　设置最小线程数 ........................................................................................................192
9.1.3　线程池任务大小 ........................................................................................................193
9.1.4　设置 ThreadPoolExecutor 的大小 ............................................................................193
9.2 ForkJoinPool ..........................................................................................................................195
9.3　线程同步.................................................................................................................................201
9.3.1　同步的代价 ................................................................................................................202
9.3.2　避免同步 ....................................................................................................................205
9.3.3　伪共享 ........................................................................................................................208
9.4 JVM 线程调优........................................................................................................................211
9.4.1　调节线程栈大小 ........................................................................................................211
9.4.2　偏向锁 ........................................................................................................................212
9.4.3　自旋锁 ........................................................................................................................212
9.4.4　线程优先级 ................................................................................................................213
9.5　॔੦线程与໮.........................................................................................................................213
9.5.1　查看线程 ....................................................................................................................214
目录 ｜ ix
9.5.2　查看阻塞线程 ............................................................................................................214
9.6　ၭ঳.........................................................................................................................................217
第 10 章　Java EE 性能调优 ........................................................................................................218
10.1 Web 容器的ए本性能 ..........................................................................................................218
10.2　线程׾...................................................................................................................................222
10.3 EJB ࣆࣷ Bean......................................................................................................................223
10.3.1　调优 EJB 对象池 ....................................................................................................223
10.3.2　调优 EJB 缓存 ........................................................................................................225
10.3.3　本地和远程实例.....................................................................................................226
10.4 XML 和 JSON ت............................................................................................................. ૙227
10.4.1　数据大小.................................................................................................................227
10.4.2　解析和编组概述.....................................................................................................229
10.4.3　选择解析器.............................................................................................................230
10.4.4 XML 验证...............................................................................................................235
10.4.5　文档模型.................................................................................................................237
10.4.6 Java 对象模型.........................................................................................................240
10.5　对ၡႾଚ化...........................................................................................................................241
10.5.1 transient 字段 .......................................................................................................241
10.5.2　覆盖默认的序列化.................................................................................................241
10.5.3　压缩序列化数据.....................................................................................................244
10.5.4　追踪对象复制.........................................................................................................246
10.6 Java EE 网ஏ API .................................................................................................................248
10.7　ၭ঳.......................................................................................................................................250
第 11 章　数据库性能的最佳实践 ...............................................................................................251
11.1 JDBC.....................................................................................................................................251
11.1.1 JDBC 驱动程序 ......................................................................................................252
11.1.2　预处理语句和语句池.............................................................................................253
11.1.3 JDBC 连接池 ..........................................................................................................255
11.1.4　事务.........................................................................................................................256
11.1.5　结果集的处理.........................................................................................................262
11.2 JPA ........................................................................................................................................264
11.2.1　事务处理.................................................................................................................264
11.2.2　对 JPA 的写性能进行优化.....................................................................................267
11.2.3　对 JPA 的读性能进行优化.....................................................................................268
11.2.4 JPA 缓存..................................................................................................................271
11.2.5 JPA 的只读实体......................................................................................................276
11.3　ၭ঳.......................................................................................................................................277
x ｜ 目录
第 12 章　Java SE API 技巧 ........................................................................................................278
12.1　؋࣐๕ I/O.............................................................................................................................278
12.2　ૌेሜ...................................................................................................................................280
12.3　ໜऐ数...................................................................................................................................284
12.4 Java 原生থ੨.......................................................................................................................285
12.5　ᅴ׉.......................................................................................................................................287
12.6　字زޙ的性能.......................................................................................................................290
12.7　නኾ.......................................................................................................................................291
12.8 Java 集合ૌ API ...................................................................................................................292
12.8.1　同步还是非同步.....................................................................................................293
12.8.2　设定集合的大小.....................................................................................................294
12.8.3　集合与内存使用效率.............................................................................................295
12.9 AggressiveOpts Քኾ ...........................................................................................................296
12.9.1　替代实现.................................................................................................................296
12.9.2　其他标志.................................................................................................................297
12.10 Lambda ՗ٳ๕和ైఁૌ...................................................................................................297
12.11　ୁ和ࡗ୳器的性能.............................................................................................................300
12.12　ၭ঳.....................................................................................................................................302
附录 A　性能调优标志摘要 ...........................................................................................................303
作者简介 ..............................................................................................................................................312
关于封面 ..............................................................................................................................................312

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